Participent Name:- P.VENKATESH KUMARAN              Enrollment No:- 0406NS390

ABSTRACT:-

         In this revolutionary world anything at anytime may happen, one of such thing is the evolution of Nano calculators. Here we are using aromatic chain (Polyphenylene) as the conductors and aliphatic chain (polymethylene or polyethylene group) as insulators. Using these conductors and insulators we have formed molecular diode with a methylene group as barrier in between donor and acceptor molecular chain. This molecular diode will operate similar to the semiconductor diodes. The resonant tunneling diodes are also designed in order to form basic gates. By using these molecular devices we have designed molecular gates like AND, OR, XOR, NOT. With these basic gates we have formed encoder, decoder, flip flops which are necessary for a calculator .All these molecular chains are ended with a gold molecule through thiol group to prevent further reaction with other molecules.                                                          For the display of the results we are using a light emitting polymer called poly (phenylene vinylene) which emits light with the passage of current or flow of electron through it. The color depends upon then the arrangement and combination of these poly (phenylene vinylene).The result to be displayed is given to these display devices through molecular encoder, decoder etc. All these molecular diode, gates, encoders, decoders, display devices are formed. The input is given through a key provided with piezo electric powder. When this is pressed the mechanical energy from our hand is transferred into electrical energy so there is no need of external supply. The thickness of the whole circuit measures less than 300nm.

All of us know about the importance of calculators in our life, without that no one will be able to do mathematical calculations. Most of the time we forget to bring calculators to all the places we go and so we are made to struggle with calculation. One more problem its size and weight, even though it is not too much weight but we feel difficult and uncomfortable most of the times. A solution for all these problems is NANOCALCULATOR which weighs more than 10 times less than a grams. The main features our system is there will be any strain in carrying calculators. No need to forget this and struggle for calculation. Because we can paste it our hand easily and can be used anywhere even during bath due to the presence of a protective layer. Now let us discuss about the construction of our Nanocalculators.

CONTRUCTION OF BASIC GATES:-

                             Here we are using aliphatic, aromatic compounds like polypropylene chains for the formation of molecular diodes from which we can form any logic circuits by their combination in certain manner. First we will discuss about the formation of molecular diodes and molecular resonant tunneling device and then the formation of basic logic gates and adders with their combinations.                           

MOLECULAR CONDUCTORS:-                                     

The polyphenylene based molecular wires are called as “tour wires”. These tour wires shows electrical conductivity in the order of nano amperes which corresponds to its size. The polyphenylene based wires are formed by arrays of such molecules in a nanometer scale pore and adsorbed to metal contacts on either side. The source of conductivity in polyphenylene molecules is a set of Pi-type orbital that lie below and above the molecule which is shown in figure. Long pi orbital are both located out of the plane of the nuclei in the molecule and they are relatively diffuse compared to the in plane sigma type orbitals. Thus one or more unoccupied or partially occupied orbitals can provide channels that permit the transport of additional electrons from one end to the other end. The sparse unoccupied pi orbitals can be named as conduction band. The unoccupied pi orbitals with low energy are likely to more effective for the flow of electron.

MOLECULAR INSULATORS:-

Here the aliphatic molecules serve as insulators. They contain only sigma bonds which will not form an uninterrupted channel outside the plane of the nuclei. The positively charged nuclei are obstacles to negatively charged electrons traveling along the axis of the plane. For this reason aliphatic molecules are used as insulators